The data set was originally created for the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA), which is designed to describe the status and trends in the quality of the Nation's ground- and surface-water resources and to provide a sound understanding of the natural and human factors that affect the quality of these resources (Leahy and others, 1990). The Oahu NAWQA program began in October 1998. The land-use data provided here are intended for analysis in conjunction with the Oahu NAWQA water-quality data.
This coverage was generated by the the USGS Oahu NAWQA staff in Oahu, Hawaii, in 2001 and 2002, using 1998 digital orthophotos. The procedures used to create this coverage are described below.
Reviews_Applied_to_Data-- The coverage was reviewed by USGS Hawaii District administration, reviewed by 2 peer-reviewers, and reviewed and approved by USGS Western Region administration.
Related_Spatial_and_Tabular_Data_Sets-- Oahu NAWQA Study-Unit boundaries are maintained in separate data sets <http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/>.
References_Cited-- Leahy, P.P., Rosenshein, J.S., and Knopman, D.S., 1990, Implementation plan for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-174. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, 10 p.
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology.
Hawaii Office of Planning: Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of information, errors and conditions originating from physical sources used to develop the State of Hawaii GIS database may be reflected in the data supplied. The user must be aware of data conditions and bear responsibility for the appropriate use of the information with respect to possible errors, original map scale, collection methodology, currency of data, and other conditions specific to certain data. The GIS data or cartographic digital files are not a legal representation of any of the features which they depict. No warranty expressed or implied is made by State of Hawaii GIS program regarding the accuracy or utility of this information.
Errors in leeward (dry) areas may be more likely the result of land use being attributed as an artifact of previous land uses, sparse vegetation, and slow vegetation recolonization. In contrast, windward (moist) areas may be more likely to be not assigned a land use, an artifact of dense vegetation obscuring existing land uses.
LAND_USE (See more detailed descriptions below)
aa agriculture, abandoned al agriculture, livestock ap-g agriculture, planted/cultivated, grasses ap-gb agriculture, planted/cultivated, grasses, biomass ap-gy agriculture, planted/cultivated, grasses, pasture/grazing ap-h agriculture, planted/cultivated, horticulture ap-o agriculture, planted/cultivated, orchard ap-ob agriculture, planted/cultivated, orchard, banana ap-oc agriculture, planted/cultivated, orchard, coffee ap-og agriculture, planted/cultivated, orchard, guava ap-om agriculture, planted/cultivated, orchard, macadamia nuts ap-op agriculture, planted/cultivated, orchard, papaya ap-ou agriculture, planted/cultivated, orchard, coconut ap-r agriculture, planted/cultivated, row crops ap-rc agriculture, planted/cultivated, row crops, corn ap-rm agriculture, planted/cultivated, row crops, mixed fruit/vegetable ap-rp agriculture, planted/cultivated, row crops, pineapple ap-rw agriculture, planted/cultivated, row crops, wetland ap-s agriculture, planted/cultivated, shade houses aq agriculture, aquaculture as agriculture, small-scale rural bm barren, mining dc-h+ developed, commercial, high-density, multi-story dc-hs developed, commercial, high-density, low-story dc-l developed, commercial, low-density dc-m+ developed, commercial, moderate-density, multi-story dc-ms developed, commercial, moderate-density, low-story dm developed, manufacturing/industrial do-mg developed, open space, maintained vegetation, golf course do-mm developed, open space, maintained vegetation, multi-purpose do-r developed, open space, recreation do-v developed, open space, vacant dr-h+ developed, residential, high-density, multi-story dr-hs developed, residential, high-density, low-story dr-l developed, residential, low-density dr-m+ developed, residential, moderate-density, multi-story dr-ms developed, residential, moderate-density, low-story ds-e developed, social services, education ds-g developed, social services, government du-a developed, public infrastructure, airport du-c developed, public infrastructure, automotive du-p developed, public infrastructure, port du-u developed, public infrastructure, utilities du-wl developed, public infrastructure, waste management, landfill du-ws developed, public infrastructure, waste management, sewage treatment other all areas not encompassed in the above class definitions, including water, wetland, forest, shrubland, herbaceous, and barren (other than mining)
The complete land-use attribute definitions (level 1, level 2, level 3, and level 4) follow, with land_use field codes in parentheses.
Level 1. Agriculture (a) - areas characterized by human
modification used in connection with planting, growing, and
harvesting crops; and raising, pasturing, and feeding of
livestock and poultry. Includes herbaceous vegetation planted
or cultivated for production of food, feed, seed, or fiber;
fish farms; feedlots; holding pens; breeding and training
facilities; and greenhouses. This land-use category takes
precedence over other land-use categories except for
developed.
Level 2. Planted/Cultivated (ap) - areas characterized by
vegetation planted or cultivated by humans for production
of food, feed, fiber, pasture, seed, or ornamental plant
products.
Level 3. Orchard (ap-o) - areas with woody or semi-perennial
herbaceous vegetation planted or maintained for production
of fruits, nuts, or other plant products.
Level 4. Banana (ap-ob) - orchards and other areas used for
the production of banana and other species in the genus
Musa.
Level 4. Coffee (ap-oc) - orchards and other areas used for
the production of coffee and other species in the genus
Coffea.
Level 4. Guava (ap-og) - orchards and other areas used for the
production of guava and other species in the genus Psidium.
Level 4. Macadamia Nuts (ap-om) - orchards and other areas
used for the production of macadamia and other species in
the genus Macadamia.
Level 4. Papaya (ap-op) - orchards and other areas used for
the production of papaya and other species in the genus
Carica.
Level 4. Coconut (ap-ou) - orchards and other areas used for
the production of coconut and other species in the genus
Cocos. Includes orchard production of trees for ornamental
plantings.
Level 3. Row Crops (ap-r) - areas used for the production of
herbaceous crops or plants where fields exhibit row or strip
characteristics similar to rows, includes pineapple,
sugarcane, corn, and fruits and vegetables (only those
exhibiting row characteristics).
Level 4. Corn (ap-rc) - fields exhibiting row characteristics
where corn (both sweet and seed varieties) and other species
in the genus Zea are cultivated.
Level 4. Pineapple (ap-rp) - fields exhibiting row
characteristics where pineapple and other species in the
genus Ananas are cultivated, includes both planted and
fallow fields.
Level 4. Mixed Fruit/Vegetable (ap-rm) - areas used for row
crop production of fruits or vegetables, including eggplant,
lettuce, melons, ginger root, cabbage, tomatoes, basil, and
other species. May include small areas of horticulture
crops.
Level 4. Wetland (ap-rw) - areas used for production of wetland
row crops, including taro (Colocasia spp. and others),
watercress (Rorippa spp.), and similar species.
Level 3. Horticulture (ap-h) - areas used for the production of
horticultural crops and plants. Common crops include flower
production, potted plants, ornamental plants, turf grass, ti,
community gardens, upland taro (Colocasia spp. and others),
cassava (Manihot spp.), and kawa. Also includes areas with a
diverse variety of crop types, often interlaced with
orchard-bananas or row crops-mixed fruit or vegetable.
Level 3. Grasses (ap-g) - areas of grasses or legumes, used for
production of vegetation biomass, livestock feed and fodder,
seed or hay crops, or as pasture or grazing maintained through
fencing, grazing, harvesting, or other land-surface
modification. Includes areas with less than 25 percent forest
or shrubland.
Level 4. Pasture/Grazing (ap-gy) - areas used for
production of herbaceous feed and fodder for livestock.
Includes areas used for livestock grazing (such as range
land) when fenced or with land-surface modification and
less than 25 percent forest or shrubland.
Level 4. Biomass (ap-gb) - areas of planted vegetation used for
biomass generation, such as the energy production crops
kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria
juncea).
Level 3. Shade Houses (ap-s) - areas covered by shade cloth or
similar structures intended to regulate the amount of light
available for plant development, growth, and production. Also
includes covered areas for use in hydroponics.
Level 2. Livestock (al) - areas and associated paddocks where
livestock, including cows, horses, sheep, goats, hogs, and
poultry, are confined, manipulated, and treated. Food and water
are provided from external sources, does not include aquatic
species.
Level 2. Aquaculture (aq) - submerged, raised, and other open or
covered areas used for cultivation of marine or freshwater
products such as fish, shellfish, seaweed, algae, and
associated equipment and staging areas.
Level 2. Small-scale/rural (as) - areas where agriculture land use
of any type is dominant, and residential land uses are also a
significant component. Commonly a matrix of composite land
owners/lessee's with multiple residences and agricultural
practices such as State of Hawaii Agricultural Parks,
subsistence agricultural areas, or small ranches. Extensive
backyard gardens are not included.
Level 2. Abandoned (aa) - areas where evidence of past agriculture
or aquaculture use is evident although not actively practiced,
as seen in extensive presence of non-target species (typically
semi-naturalized exotic species) that prohibit crop harvest,
usually dominated by grasses (commonly former sugarcane or
pineapple fields). Field boundaries are well defined although
crop type may not be evident. Does not include areas currently
fallow, between crop rotations.
Level 1. Developed (d) - areas characterized by a high percentage of
modification by and for human use, such as where the land-surface
is covered by structures, prepared materials, or otherwise urban.
Does not include areas used for agriculture or barren (such as
from surface mining). This land-use category takes precedence
over other land-use categories, except for agriculture.
Level 2. Manufacturing/Industrial (dm) - structures and associated
grounds used for fabrication, storage, distribution, and finishing
of commercial and industrial goods and services. Includes
petro-chemical refineries and storage, power generation, mills,
shipping and distribution centers, military bases with
corresponding land-use patterns, and all highly developed areas
not classified as commercial, residential, social services, or
public infrastructure.
Level 2. Commercial (dc)- areas characterized by structures and
associated grounds used for the sale of products and
services, light industry, business, military bases with
corresponding land use patterns, ammunition bunkers, and
structures where military services are provided.
Level 3. High Density (dc-h) - greater than 75 percent of land
area developed for commercial use.
Level 4. Low Story (dc-hs) - structures of less than 5 stories,
or where evidence of similar height buildings is seen in
imagery.
Level 4. Multi-Story (dc-h+) - structures of 5 or more
stories, or where evidence of similar height buildings is
seen in imagery.
Level 3. Moderate Density (dc-m) - 25 to 75 percent of land area
developed for commercial use.
Level 4. Low Story (dc-ms) - structures of less than 5 stories,
or where evidence of similar height buildings is seen in
imagery.
Level 4. Multi-Story (dc-m+) - structures of 5 or more
stories, or where evidence of similar height buildings is
seen in imagery.
Level 3. Low Density (dc-l) - less than 25 percent of land area
developed for commercial use, includes low or multi-story,
military ammunition bunkers, and similarly spaced
structures.
Level 2. Residential (dr) - areas used for human habitation.
Level 3. High Density (dr-h) - greater than 75 percent of land
area developed for human habitation.
Level 4. Low Story (dr-hs) - structures of less than 5 stories,
or where evidence of similar height buildings is seen in
imagery.
Level 4. Multi-Story (dr-h+) - structures of 5 or more
stories, or where evidence of similar height buildings is
seen in imagery.
Level 3. Moderate Density (dr-m) - 25 to 75 percent of land area
developed for human habitation.
Level 4. Low Story (dr-ms) - structures of less than 5 stories,
or where evidence of similar height buildings is seen in
imagery.
Level 4. Multi-Story (dr-m+) - structures of 5 or more
stories, or where evidence of similar height buildings is
seen in imagery.
Level 3. Low Density (dr-l) - less than 25 percent of land area
developed for human habitation, includes low or multi-story,
ranchettes, homesteads, extensive yard landscaping, etc.
Level 2. Social Services (ds) - government and private areas
serving as schools, universities, government administrative
offices, and health and welfare facilities (hospitals, public
service venues, and recreation structures [enclosed stadiums,
gymnasiums, swimming pool complexes]).
Level 3. Government (ds-g) - public and private facilities and
associated grounds used for government and public welfare
such as religious complexes, memorials, hospitals, government
facilities, community centers, and enclosed stadiums. Does
not include vegetated recreation areas (such as ball fields
or large open spaces) or cemeteries.
Level 3. Education (ds-e) - public and private educational
facilities and associated grounds such as schools, seminaries,
university campuses, museums, and research centers. Includes
enclosed recreation areas as part of an educational facility;
does not include vegetated outdoor recreation areas (ball
fields and large open spaces).
Level 2. Public Infrastructure (du) - areas used for
transportation, communication, and utilities, including
facilities, associated lands, right-of-ways, and median strips
for roads, parking facilities, railroads, airports, ports,
utility transmission, power substation, water supply, and
waste treatment and storage.
Level 3. Utilities (du-u) - structures, facilities, and
associated grounds used for power transmission,
communications, treatment and storage of drinking water, and
pumping stations.
Level 3. Waste Management (du-w) - structures and associated land
area used for solid and liquid waste treatment or disposal,
such as sewage treatment, solid waste transfer, disposal, and
recycling.
Level 4. Landfill (du-wl) - structures, facilities, and
associated grounds actively used for waste management and
storage, including combinations of waste management
activities. Land previously used for landfills, where the
surface has been reclaimed for other uses (such as developed
or vegetated), are not included.
Level 4. Sewage Treatment (du-ws) - structures, facilities,
transmission lines, and settling ponds (not natural
wetlands) used in treatment of liquefied human and
animal waste.
Level 3. Airport (du-a) - the maintained active and overrun areas
of runways, landing strips, taxiways, and intervening land;
along with terminals, hangers, service buildings, offices,
and navigation aids.
Level 3. Automotive (du-c) - streets, roads, highways, and
associated facilities, including maintained medians
and shoulders considered part of the road prism.
Level 3. Port (du-p) - docks, boat ramps, vessel storage areas,
and associated structures of a port facility adjacent to
water.
Level 2. Open Space (do) - urban parks, recreation areas and
associated facilities, golf courses, playing fields, cemeteries,
and other maintained, semi-maintained, or vacant lots where
structures occupy less than 25 percent of available space.
Level 3. Recreation (do-r) - outdoor recreation areas with
demarcated, maintained vegetation occupying more than 25
percent of land area, such as baseball fields, and football
fields. Includes associated structures and rest rooms
occupying less than 25 percent of total developed area. Does
not include multi-purpose parks with grass surfaces.
Level 3. Maintained Vegetation (do-m) - vegetated surfaces where
cover type is actively managed through physical or chemical
means, including golf courses and multi-purpose parks.
Includes areas with less than 75 percent tree or shrub
cover, when herbaceous ground cover vegetation is actively
maintained.
Level 4. Golf Courses (do-mg) - golf courses and associated
service facilities. Clubhouses, parking facilities, and
multipurpose facilities are considered as separate
categories when exceeding the minimum mapping units.
Level 4. Multi-purpose (do-mm) - maintained herbaceous
vegetation including parks, multipurpose open space,
cemeteries, facility grounds, and other maintained areas
with less than 75 percent tree canopy and structures are
less than 25 percent of area.
Level 3. Vacant (do-v) - land surfaces where the vegetation is
occasionally or erratically maintained to sustain a vacant or
open land area suitable for development, and built structures
occupy less than 25 percent of area. Includes barren areas
under construction.
Level 1. Barren (b) - areas characterized by rock, gravel, sand,
silt, clay, or other earthen material, not covered by water,
with less than 25 percent vegetative cover or less than 5
percent vegetative cover in arid areas. (Not differentiated
except to identify mining surfaces).
Level 2. Mining (bm) - areas of extractive mining activities and
greater than 25 percent surface disturbance. Inactive or
un-reclaimed areas are included until another category is
applicable, includes mines, gravel pits, stockpiles, dredge
spoils, and other earthen aggregate.
Level 1. Other (other) - all areas not encompassed in the above
class definitions; including water, wetland, forest, shrubland,
herbaceous, and barren (other than mining).
USGS: Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials.