Local Action Strategy:
Recreational Impacts to Reefs
Non-extractive recreational activities, such as snorkeling, scuba diving, and kayaking, are popular pastimes, both for Hawaii’s residents and visitors. Over 80% of Hawaii’s 6.4 million tourists participate in ocean recreation (DBEDT 2002). That means that over 5 million tourists per year, in addition to local residents, are crowding into near shore waters where coral reefs exist.
Recreational activities have been shown to affect coral reefs by:
- breakage of coral skeletons and tissue from direct contact such as walking, touching, or gear contact,
- breakage of coral skeletons and tissue from boat anchors,
- alteration in the behavior of marine life from feeding or harassment, and
- trash and debris.
At Hanauma Bay, on Oahu, evidence of recreational impacts has been clearly documented, showing that heavy visitor traffic has increased reef sedimentation, breakage, as well as behavior modification when fish feeding was allowed there. Recreational use is increasing in many other sites around the islands, including many areas with extraordinary reef ecosystems and inadequate management.
The Local Action Strategy to address Recreational Impacts to Reefs (RIR LAS) is intended to better assess the management needs and either increase the capacity of existing stewardship activities or forge partnerships with local groups to develop new projects.
Vision
The RIR LAS envisions a Hawaii with healthy coastal marine ecosystems maintained and enhanced by responsible recreation and tourism, and effective management activities that reduce or mitigate impacts.
Goal
To determine the impacts of marine recreation activities on Hawaii's coral reef ecosystems and develop innovative management techniques that increase the environmental sustainability of those activities.
Objectives
- To improve our understanding of the links between marine recreation and reef ecosystem health, providing a scientific basis or management decisions
- To implement management tools, such as regulations & infrastructure, to support a reef's carrying capacity or control user behavior at various sites.
- To increase awareness and engage stakeholders in reef education, monitoring and stewardship efforts. Currently the strategies priorities are focusing on day-use mooring buoys, carrying capacity tools and research, tour operator stewardship, conservation finance, point of rental/entry outreach and cruise ships.
Projects: on-going
Fish Friendly Business Alliance & Anti-Fish Feeding Campaign |
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The RIR LAS/Division of Aquatic Resources has partenered with the CORAL Reef Alliance and other organizations to promote an anti-fish feeding conservation intitiative. The local and visitor community will be engaged in an initiative to develop awareness about the potential danger to humans and ecological effects of fish feeding. A postcard displaying a hand that has been bitten by a chub is shown on the front, and the back contains some information and a place for a message to be written. The postcards will be pre-addressed and stamped so they may easily be compiled, copied and then made into a package to send out to business outlets selling fish food. In addition, a summary of the compiled cards will be provided to DAR to encourage them to consider banning fish feeding along significant sections of the Maui coastline. |
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It is hoped that through societal pressure, this campaign will influence the businesses selling fish food and result in the cessation of fish food sales. In addition, the visitor and community feedback captured through the postcards may be used to leverage support for regulatory action towards the banning of fish feeding. At this time, the first round of postcards have been distributed and collected and project leaders have begun preliminary outreach efforts with recreational use fish food providers to try and persuade marketers to voluntarily cease the sale of fish food. Fish feeding is already banned in several of Hawaii’s Marine Protected Areas and along large sections of the Kona Coast. The goal is to have additional sites on Maui regulated so fish feeding can be banned at these sites as well. The anti-fish feeding project will help to fulfill the outreach objective and the management objective by encouraging voluntary compliance using market pressure while educating commercial operators as well as the general public about the dangers of fish-feeding. Visit CORAL Reef Alliance fore more information on this campaign. |
| Changing Tides - Promoting Responsible Behavior in the Marine Recreational Industry |
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The Changing Tides Campaign fulfills the outreach objective in the RIR LAS by engaging marine recreation providers and users in the development of informational guides that encourage good coral reef etiquette. However, because recreation activities are often non-extractive, if they are conducted and managed responsibly, they have the potential to increase public awareness and understanding of marine issues. This project will help to create awareness both within the industry member and consumer groups and will promote sustainable behavior to mitigate impacts from use on reef health. Providing commercial recreation operators with accurate and geographically specific information will increase awareness among businesses operating in Hawaii’s coral reefs and will give them the tools to reduce the impacts to reefs caused by recreational use. These businesses will, in turn, pass the information provided to them to their customers who will also become more educated ocean users. |
Hawaii Day-Use Mooring Buoy System Background, Site Selection Criteria, Installation, and Maintenance Procedures Manual |
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Diver preparing a site for buoy installation
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The coral polyps that make up a coral reef are very delicate animals. Anchor damage is one of the most important physical threats to corals. Half a centimeter of coral broken off in a matter of seconds can take up to 25 years to grow back. Day-use mooring buoys have proven to be an effective tool around the world in reducing the damage to coral reefs caused by anchors. They eliminate the need to drop anchor on coral reefs by providing boaters with a convenient means of securing their boats. (To continue reading about day-use mooring buoys, please visit Malama Kai Foundation.) A manual on the Hawaii Day-Use Mooring Buoy System is being distributed to Harbor Masters throughout the State and to other relevant managers. An electronic copy will be available upon request in early 2009; please contact the coordinator. |
A day-use mooring buoy |
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Recreational Carrying Capacity Study This project will develop and implement a methodology for assessing and setting carrying capacity limits for various marine recreation activities at any given coral reef ecosystem in Hawai‘i. Through extensive literature review and site monitoring, a consultant will determine how different site conditions affect the resource impact caused by a certain amount of use. The consultant will develop a tool that managers can use to calculate thresholds of use at any site for specific activities, which can better inform them on how to restrict use to safer numbers and activities. (Due to the large file size of this report, please contact the coordinator if you are interested in a copy.) |
This action guide has been designed as a community tool to provide key information, guidelines, and contact information for marine resource conservation. The goal is to empower Hawai'i's ocean users to take an active stewardship role in the preservation and protection of the marine environment. This action guide outlines key rules and regulations on a variety of topics and provides general ecological information and guidelines to follow such as actions to take, if any; what information to record; what agency to contact; and where to go for more information and guidance. Printed materials will inform users how to minimize impacts from misuse or overuse of fragile environments. The campaign will attempt to minimize impacts caused by trampling or breaking of coral, fish-feeding, and litter; it will also aim to increase community reporting of sightings of endangered species such as the Hawaiian monk seal. Educating and engaging recreation users is essential as the number of daily ocean visitors increases and is identified as a key objective of the Recreation Impacts to Reefs Local Action Strategy. |
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| Are you committed to reducing your impact on Hawaii's coral reefs? Check out our Environmental Pledge for simple ways to help you enjoy our oceans without potentially damaging our reefs. | |
Coordinator
Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Aquatic Resources
Ph: (808)721-6496
Steering Committee
Community Conservation Network
CORAL Reef Alliance
Division of Aquatic Resources
Division of Boating and Ocean Recreation
NOAA Pacific Services Center
Jack's Diving Locker
Wildside Tours
Questions or comments? Please contact the coordinator.










