|
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 1. Physical
Fitness and Activity.
1.A Increase to at least 40% the proportion of
people aged six and older who engage regularly, preferably daily, in
light to moderate physical activity for at least 30 minutes per day
(related national objective 1.3).
| Proportion of people aged six and older who engage
regularly, preferably daily, in light to moderate physical activity for
at least 20 minutes per day: |
Overall: |
37.6% |
|
|
| By Ethnicity: |
|
By Island: |
|
By Gender: |
|
|
| Caucasian |
45.9 |
Oahu |
38.3 |
Female |
33.4 |
| Japanese |
32.2 |
Hawai`i |
41.4 |
Male |
42.0 |
| Filipino |
29.0 |
Maui |
24.4 |
|
| Hawaiian |
39.8 |
Kauai |
49.5 |
|
| Other |
38.8 |
Moloka`i/Lanai |
Not Available |
|
Because Hawai`i baseline data measure the proportion
of people exercising for 20 minutes, three or more times a week, data
cannot be compared directly to the national objective which is for 30
minutes.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 2. Nutrition.
2.A Reduce prevalence of overweight (obesity) in
adults, 18 and older to no more than 20% (related national objective
2.3).
2.B Reduce prevalence of overweight adolescents aged
12-17 to no more than 15% (related national objective 2.3).
| Proportion of Hawai`i residents who are
overweight: |
Overall: |
21.5% |
| By Ethnicity: |
|
By Island: |
|
By Gender: |
|
|
| Caucasian |
19.5 |
Oahu |
22.0 |
Female |
19.1 |
| Japanese |
19.5 |
Hawai`i |
22.5 |
Male |
24.0 |
| Filipino |
10.2 |
Maui |
19.4 |
|
| Hawaiian |
42.0 |
Kauai |
14.9 |
|
| Other |
21.0 |
Moloka`i/Lanai |
Not Available |
Although the proportion of overweight adults in
Hawai`i is close to the national objective of 20%, there are
significant variations among ethnic groups.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 2. Nutrition.
2.C Increase the percent of adults and school-age
children consuming fruits and vegetables to five or more times each day
(related national objective 2.6).
2.D Increase the percent of adults consuming fruits
and vegetables to five times each day to 25% (related national
objective 2.6).
| Proportion of Hawai`i
residents who consume fruits and vegetables five or more times
daily: |
|
|
Adults: School-age
children: |
23.0%Not available |
| By Ethnicity: |
|
By Island: |
|
|
By Gender: |
|
|
| Caucasian |
26.5 |
Oahu |
23.5 |
|
Female |
22.5 |
| Japanese |
16.9 |
Hawai`i |
28.5 |
|
Male |
26.2 |
| Filipino |
27.0 |
Maui |
27.0 |
|
| Hawaiian |
28.7 |
Kauai |
26.0 |
|
| Other |
Not available |
Moloka`i/Lanai |
Not Available |
Fruit and vegetable consumption in Hawai`i cannot be
compared to the national guideline of five servings a day. Available
data measures times a day a person consumes fruits or vegetables
instead of number of servings. The mean frequency of fruit and
vegetable consumption is 4.1 times, and only 23 percent of adults in
Hawai`i eat fruits and vegetables five times a day.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 2. Nutrition.
2.E Reduce growth retardation among low income
children aged five and younger to less than 10% (related national
objective 2.4).
| Proportion of children participating in the
WIC Program that are below standard height-for-weight, with variation
by ethnicity |
Overall: 10.6% |
|
|
| By Ethnicity: |
0-5 years |
0-1 year |
|
|
| Filipino |
18.7 |
16.3 |
| Hawaiian/Part
Hawaiian |
11.7 |
12.1 |
Although percentage of WIC children who fail to meet
height-for-weight standards is close to the national objective of 10%,
the Hawai`i data may be underestimated since WIC only enrolls 58-68
percent of eligible clients.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 2. Nutrition.
2.F Reduce iron deficiency to less than 10% among
low income children aged one to two, 5% among low income children aged
three to four, and 4% among low income women of childbearing age
(related national objective 2.10).
| Proportion of low income children who have iron
deficiency: |
Age 1-2: Age 3-4: |
11.4%12.0% |
|
|
| Proportion of low income women of childbearing age who
have iron deficiency: |
Not available |
Although low income (WIC) children aged one to two
are close to meeting the national objective of 10% or less, children
aged three to four are significantly worse than the national objective
of 5% or less. These proportions may underestimate the actual value
since WIC only enrolls 58-68 percent of eligible clients. Data are not
available for women of childbearing age.
More detailed information can be found in Healthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 2. Nutrition.
2.G Maintain at or above 75% the proportion of
mothers who breastfeed at hospital discharge and increase to 50% the
proportion who continue to breastfeed until their babies are five to
six months old (related national objective 2.11).
| Proportion of mothers who breastfeed their
infants at the time of hospital discharge (early postpartum): |
All women: Low income: |
78%66% |
|
|
| Proportion of mothers who continue to
breastfeed until their babies are five to six months old: |
All women: Low income: |
29%Not available |
Although the overall rates of breastfeeding at
hospital discharge are slightly higher than the national objective of
75%, women from low income groups are less likely to breastfeed. In
addition, the overall rate of breastfeeding at five to six months is
approximately half of the national objective of 50%. Since this data is
not available by income status, rates among low income women may be
much lower.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 3. Tobacco.
3.A Slow the rise in lung cancer deaths to achieve a
rate of no more than 53 per 100,000 people (related national objective
3.2).
3.B Reduce cigarette smoking to a prevalence of no
more than 15% among people aged 18 and older (related national
objective 3.4).
| Lung cancer death rates: |
Female: Male: |
23.4 per 100,000 52.2 per
100,000 |
|
|
| Proportion of adults (age > 18) who are regular
smokers: |
Overall: |
21% |
|
|
| By Ethnicity: |
|
By Island: |
|
By Gender: |
|
|
| Caucasian |
22.8 |
Oahu |
20.1 |
Female |
18.4 |
| Japanese |
17.4 |
Hawai`i |
22.6 |
Male |
23.7 |
| Filipino |
17.5 |
Maui |
24.0 |
|
| Hawaiian |
32.8 |
Kauai |
26.0 |
|
| Other |
15.4 |
Moloka`i/Lanai |
Not Available |
|
There are significant differences in the prevalence
of smoking among ethnic groups in Hawai`i. Japanese, Chinese and other
ethnic groups are close to meeting the objective to reduce smoking
prevalence to no more than 15% among adults. Caucasians (22.8%) and
Hawaiians (32.8%) have much higher proportions of smokers.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 3. Tobacco.
3.C Reduce the initiation of cigarette smoking by
children and youth so that no more than 15% have become regular
cigarette smokers by age 20 (related national objective 3.5).
Hawai`i health status indicator and baseline data
(1990)
| Proportion of adults 18-24 years old who are regular
smokers: |
Overall: |
20% |
Because of limitations in the study sample, these
data do not represent teens who drop out of school or private school
students, who may have different prevalence of smoking, according to
the Department of Education's 1993 Youth Risk Behavior Survey
(YRBS).
The proportion of teens who smoke regularly is
higher than the national objective of 15%.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 4. Alcohol and
other drugs.
4.A To reduce the proportion of high school seniors
and college students engaging in recent occasion of heavy drinking of
alcoholic beverages to no more than 28% of high school seniors and 32%
of college students (related national objective 4.7).
| Proportion of high school students that
have had alcohol within the preceding 30 days: |
38.4% |
| Proportion of high school seniors who
engaged in heavy drinking (five or more drinks at one occasion) within
the preceding 30 days: |
22.7% |
| Proportion of college age adults (1824) who
engaged in heavy drinking (five or more drinks at one occasion) within
the preceding 30 days: |
31.2% |
The data sources available for this subject do not allow direct
comparison to the national objective which proposes to reduce the
prevalence of heavy drinking to less than 28% among high school seniors
and less than 32% among college students.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 5. Family
Planning.
5.A Reduce pregnancies among females aged 15-17 to
no more than 39 per 1,000 adolescent females (related national
objective 5.1).
| Teen pregnancy rate (females aged
15-17): |
Overall: |
53.2 per 1,000 |
|
|
| By Ethnicity: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Caucasian |
30.3 |
Hawaiian |
75.8 |
Chinese |
13.9 |
| Japanese |
24.7 |
Fillipino |
66.7 |
Other |
71.4 |
While the overall rate is close to the national
objective of no more than 50 pregnancies per 1,000 females age 15-17,
there is considerable variation among ethnic groups in Hawai`i.
Filipinos, Hawaiians, and others have teen pregnancy rates higher than
the average for the state and the national objective.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 5. Family
Planning.
5.B Reduce to no more than 18% the proportion of all
pregnancies that are unintended (related national objective 5.2).
5.C Increase to at least 95% the proportion of all
females aged 15-44 at risk of unintended pregnancy who use
contraceptives (related new national objective from Midcourse
Revisions).
5.D Increase access to contraceptive services
(including all FDA approved methods and related medical services), in
all health plans, for all subscribers and their dependents in need of
contraception to 90% (no related national objective).
Hawai`i health status indicators and baseline
data (1992)
| Proportion of women reporting
that their last pregnancy was unintended: |
|
27.2% |
| Prevalence of contraceptive
use among females 15-44 in need of protection |
|
85.2% |
| Proportion of health plans
that provide coverage of contraceptive services: |
|
27.3% |
All ethnic groups in Hawai`i have met or are close to meeting the
national objective of no more than 30% unintended pregnancies. Because
Hawai`i data relates to whether only the last pregnancy was intended of
women living with a partner and the national relates to all pregnancies
within the past five years, data may not be comparable.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 6. Mental Health
and Mental Disorders.
6.A Reduce suicides to no more than 10.2 per 100,000
people (related national objective 6.1).
6.B Reduce by 15% the incidence of suicide attempts
resulting in hospitalization to a rate of 59.5 per 100,000 (related
national objective 6.2).
| Suicide rate |
11.2 per 100,000 |
(130 people) |
| Suicide attempts: |
68.4 per 100,000 |
(650 people) |
Although the overall suicide rate for Hawai`i is
10.3 per 100,000, Caucasians,Samoans, Puerto Ricans, and Koreans exceed
the national objective of no more than 10.5 per 100,000 people.
The Hawai`i baseline data for suicide attempts
cannot be compared because the corresponding national objective relates
to adolescent suicide attempts only. In Hawai`i, suicide attempts are
an important contributor to hospitalizations beginning at age nine.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 7. Violent and
Abusive Behavior.
7.A Reduce homicides to no more than 3.3 per 100,000
people (related national objective 7.1).
7.B Reduce weapon-related violent death to no more
than 6 per 100,000 people from major causes (related national objective
7.3).
7.C Reverse the rising incidence of maltreatment of
children younger than age 18 to less than 16 per 1,000 children
(related national objective 7.4).
7.D Reduce partner abuse (related national objective
7.5). (Insufficient data to establish specific Hawai`i objective.)
7.E Reduce assault injuries to no more than 47.7 per
100,000 people (related national objective 7.6).
7.F Control sexual assault to no more than 87.6
arrests per 100,000 residents (related national objective 7.7).
| Homicide: |
3.8 per 100,000 |
| Weapon-related deaths: |
6.1 per 100,000 |
| Maltreatment of children: |
15.1 per 1,000 |
| Partner abuse: |
Not available |
| Assault injuries: |
51.5 per 100,000 |
| Sexual assaults: |
74.2 per 100,000 |
Child abuse, spouse abuse and other forms of intrafamilial violence are
major contributors of injury in Hawai`i. Studies have shown that these
forms of abusive behavior are twice as likely to go unreported in
Hawai`i compared to other states. The Hawai`i rates for violent and
abusive behavior objectives are lower than the national objectives but
violent crime is increasing at a faster rate in Hawai`i than in other
states.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 8. Educational
& Community-Based Programs.
Although the DOH program has chosen three national
objectives as priorities for Hawai`i, it is unable to set Hawai`i
objectives without baseline data.
8.A Not set (national objective 8.6: Increase to at
least 85% the proportion of workplaces with 50 or more employees that
offer health promotion activities for their employees, preferably as
part of a comprehensive employee health promotion program.)
8.B Not set (national objective 8.9: Increase to at
least 75% the proportion of people aged 10 and older who have discussed
issues related to nutrition, physical activity, sexual behavior,
tobacco, alcohol, other drugs, or safety with family members on at
least one occasion during the preceding month.)
8.C Not set (national objective 8.11: Increase to at
least 50% the proportion of counties that have established culturally
and linguistically appropriate community health promotion programs for
racial and ethnic minority populations.)
| Proportion of workplaces with 50 or more employees that offer
health promotion activities for their employees: |
|
Not available |
| Proportion of people aged 10 and older who have discussed issues
related to nutrition, physical activity, sexual behavior, tobacco,
alcohol, other drugs, or safety with family members on at least one
occasion during the preceding month: |
|
Not available |
| Proportion of counties that have established culturally and
linguistically appropriate community health promotion programs: |
|
Not available |
No baseline data is available for comparison to national objectives.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 9. Unintentional
Injuries.
9.A Reduce deaths caused by unintentional injuries
to no more than 24 per 100,000 people (related national objective
9.1).
9.B Reduce nonfatal unintentional injury
hospitalizations to no more than 380.1 per 100,000 people (related
national objective 9.2).
9.C Reduce deaths caused by motor vehicle crashes to
no more than 2 per 100 million vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and 14.4
per 100,000 people. Reduce traffic-related injury hospitalizations to
no more than 128.1 per 100,000 people (related national objective
9.3).
9.D Reduce residential injury deaths to no more than
2.4 per 100,000 people (related national objective: 9.4, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8,
9.15).
9.E Reduce hospitalizations for residential injuries
to no more than 109.6 per 100,000 people (related national objective:
9.4, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.15).
9.F Reduce nonfatal head and spinal cord injuries so
that hospitalizations for these conditions are no more than 75.3 per
100,000 people (related national objective 9.9, 9.10).
9.G Reduce recreational deaths and injuries to no
more than 2.4 per 100,000 people and no more than 93.7 hospitalizations
per 100,000 people, respectively (related national objective 9.19).
9.H Reduce drowning deaths to no more than 3 per
100,000 people (related national objective 9.5).
9.I Provide education and increase community
awareness on injury prevention and control (related national objective
9.18).
|
|
|
|
| Death rate from
unintentional injury: |
27.6 per
100,000 |
| Hospitalization rate
for unintentional injury: |
437.9 per 100,000 |
| Dealth rate from
motor vehicle crashes: |
15.8 per 100,000 |
| Hospitalization rate
from motor vehicle crashes: |
140.9 per 100,000 |
| Death rate from residential
injury: |
2.7 per 100,000 |
| Hospitalization rate
for resiential injuries: |
123.8 per
100,000 |
| Hospitalization rate
for nonfatal and spinal cord injuries: |
77.6 per 100,000 |
| Dealth rate from recreational
injury: |
2.8 per 100,000 |
| Hospitalization rate for
recreational injuries: |
107.7 per 100,000 |
| Death rate from drowning: |
4.4 per 100,000 |
In Hawai`i, injuries in rural areas and drownings are higher than the
national. In most other cases, Hawai`i's rates are lower than the
nation's.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 10. Occupational
Health and Safety.
10.A Reduce deaths from work-related injuries to no
more than 4 per 100,000 full-time workers (related national objective
10.1).
10.B Reduce work-related injuries resulting in
medical treatment, lost time from work, or restricted work activity to
no more than 8 cases per 100 full-time workers (related national
objective 10.2).
| Rate of work-related deaths for full-time workers: |
|
4.8 per 100,000 |
| Rate of work-related injuries resulting in medical
treatment, lost time, and restricted activity for full-time
workers: |
|
11.0 per 100 |
Hawai`i has work-related deaths at levels comparable
to the national objective of no more than 4 per 100,000 full-time
workers and work-related injuries at levels higher than the national
objective of no more than 6 per 100 full-time workers.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 11. Environmental Health.
11.A Decrease annual beach closure days to 10
(related national objective 11.10).
11.B 80 percent of the state's beaches will be in
the "good" to "excellent" rating (related national objective
11.10).
11.C 100 percent of Hawai`i's streams, ponds,
wetlands, estuaries and other inland waters will be suitable for fish,
wildlife and for human recreational and aesthetic enjoyment (related
national objective 11.10).
11.D Put in place Well Head Protection (WHP)
programs for each county (related national objective 11.3 and
11.9).
11.E Reduce the amount of hazardous waste released
in Hawai`i (related national objective 11.7).11.F Increase the amount
of domestic sewage that is reclaimed or reused to 20 million gallons
(no related national objective).
11.G Reduce to zero the emissions of air pollutants
above permit levels (related national objective 11.5, 11.7 and
11.8).
11.H Create a comprehensive indoor air quality
program (related national objective 3.12).
| Amount of surface water contamination: |
Not available |
| Proportion of beaches rated good to excellent: |
65% |
| Amount of domestic sewage reclaimed or reused: |
Not available |
| Proportion of people who receive safe drinking water: |
Not available |
| Amount of hazardous waste released in Hawai`i: |
Not available |
| Emission of air pollutants in Hawai`i: |
Not available |
| Indoor air quality in worksites and enclosed public places: |
Not available |
The Hawai`i Department of Health Environmental
Management Program currently collects data related to these objectives,
but the data are not analyzed for comparison to Healthy People 2000
objectives. In conjunction with the Federal Environmental Protection
Agency, the Department of Health's Environmental Health Administration
created its own "Goals, Strategies and Benchmarks for the Department of
Health Environmental Management Programs" in 1994 (see Appendices). The
Environmental Health Administration is in the process of merging the
two planning tools.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 12. Food &
Drug Safety.
12.A Reduce infections caused by Salmonella species
to incidence of no more than 40 per 100,000 (related national objective
12.1).
| Incidence rate for salmonella
infection: |
|
41.3 per 100,000 |
The incidence rate for salmonella infection was more
than twice that of the national objective of no more than 16 per
100,000.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 13. Oral
Health.
13.A Reduce dental caries (cavities) so that the
proportion of children with one or more caries (in permanent or primary
teeth) is no more than 50% among children ages six through eight
(related national objective 13.1).
13.B Reduce untreated dental caries (cavities) so
that the proportion of children with untreated dental caries (in
permanent or primary teeth) is no more than 30% among children ages six
through eight (related national objective 13.2).
13.C Increase to at least 50% the proportion of
children who have received sealants on the occlusal (chewing) surfaces
of permanent molar teeth (related national objective 13.8).
13.D Reduce the prevalence of baby bottle tooth
decay (BBTD) to no more than 10% among five-year-old children (related
national objective 13.11).
13.E Increase to at least 70% the proportion of
children entering school programs for the first time who have received
an oral health screening, referral, and follow-up for necessary
diagnostic, preventive, and treatment services (related national
objective 13.12).
| Prevalence of dental caries, age six to eight: |
72.7% |
| Proportion of children six to eight with untreated caries: |
36.2% |
| Proportion of children receiving sealants: |
15.2% |
| Prevalence of baby bottle tooth decay among five-year-olds: |
15.8% |
| Proportion of children entering school who have received oral
health services: |
Not available |
Hawai`i has poor performance on all measurable child
dental care objectives. In 1990, 72.7 percent of Hawai`i's six to
eight-year-old children had one or more caries which is higher than the
national objective of 35 percent. Data from 1988-1989 show a baseline
of 36.16 percent of untreated dental caries which is higher than the
national objective of 30%. Since Hawai`i data are not available related
to national objective 13.11, a comparison cannot be made; the Hawai`i
objective has been written to reduce prevalence of baby bottle tooth
decay which can be more readily tracked. Data from 1988-1989 show that
15.19 percent of children have received sealants compared to the
national objective of 50 percent. The percent of children receiving
oral screenings cannot be compared since a baseline for Hawai`i's
children has not been established.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 13. Oral
Health.
13.F Reduce deaths due to cancer of the oral cavity
and pharynx to no more than 13 per 100,000 men aged 45-74 and 5 per
100,000 women aged 45-74 (related national objective 13.7).
| Deaths from oral and pharyngeal
cancer: |
Male: Female: |
17.0 per 100,000 7.5 per
100,000 |
The 1990 mortality rates for adults aged 45 to 74
were 17.0 per 100,000 for men and 7.5 per 100,000 for women. Both of
these rates are higher than the national objective's 10.5 per 100,000
men and 4.1 per 100,000 women. Hawai`i ranks 14th highest nationally in
oral cancer-associated mortality. Hawai`i males rank 24th and Hawai`i
females rank fourth.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 14. Maternal and
Infant Health.
14.A Reduce the infant mortality rate to no more
than 5.8 per 1,000 live births (related national objective 14.1).
14.B Reduce low birth weight to an incidence of no
more than 5% of live births and very low birth weight to no more than
1% of live births (related national objective 14.5).
14.C Increase to at least 90% the proportion of all
pregnant women who receive prenatal care in the first trimester of
pregnancy (related national objective 14.11).
14.D Reduce the rate of infants with congenital
anomalies reported at birth to no more than 14.0% (no related national
objective).
| Rates of infant deaths: |
7.1 per 1,000 live births |
| Incidence of low birth weight: |
7.1% of live births |
| Proportion of women receiving prenatal care in first
trimester: |
75.3% |
| Proportion of infants with congenital anomalies: |
14.4% |
The infant mortality rate has dropped since 1980,
while low birth weight and early prenatal care rates are similar to
those from 1980.
The 1990 data show an infant mortality rate which is
very close to the national objective of seven per 1,000 live births.
The incidence of low birth weight per live births is higher than the
five percent target of the national objective. The 1990 Hawai`i data
show the percentage of pregnant women receiving prenatal care in the
first trimester to be lower than the national objective of 90 percent.
Adequate prenatal care rates vary among ethnic groups from 87.8 percent
(Japanese) to 56.4 percent (Samoan).
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 15. Heart
Disease and Stroke.
15.A Reduce coronary heart disease deaths to no more
than 80 per 100,000 people (related national objective 15.1).
15.B Reduce stroke deaths to no more than 20 per
100,000 people (related national objective 15.2).
15.C Increase to at least 50 percent the proportion
of people with high blood pressure whose blood pressure is under
control (related national objective 15.4).
15.D Increase to at least 90% the proportion of
people with high blood pressure who are taking action to help control
their blood pressure (related national objective 15.5).
15.E Increase to at least 40% the proportion of
adults with high blood cholesterol who are aware of their condition and
are taking action to reduce their blood cholesterol to recommended
levels (related national objective 15.8).
15.F Increase to at least 90 percent the proportion
of adults who have had their blood pressure measured within the
preceding two years and can state whether their blood pressure was
normal or high (related national objective 15.13).
15.G Reduce the mean serum cholesterol levels to no
more than 200 mg/dL among adults (related national objective 15.6).
15.H Reduce the prevalence of blood cholesterol
levels of 240 mg/dL or greater to no more than 20% among adults
(related national objective 15.7).
| Rates for coronary heart disease deaths: |
|
80.5 per 100,000 |
| Rates for stroke deaths: |
|
29.1 per 100,000 |
| Proportion of people with high blood pressure whose blood pressure
is under control: |
|
Not available |
| Proportion of adults who know whether their last blood pressure
reading was normal or high: |
|
Not available |
| Proportion of people with high blood pressure who are taking action
to control their blood pressure: |
|
59.2% |
| Proportion of adults who have had their blood pressure measured
within the preceding 2 years: |
|
Not available |
| Mean serum cholesterol level among adults: |
|
Not available |
| Prevalence of blood cholesterol levels of 240 mg/dL or higher: |
|
36.1% |
| Proportion of adults with high blood cholesterol who are taking
action to lower it: |
|
Not available |
Coronary heart disease and stroke are respectively
the first and third leading cause of death in Hawai`i.
Although the overall age-adjusted mortality rate for
coronary heart disease is 80.5 per 100,000 which is below the national
objective of no more than 100 per 100,000 people, Hawaiians (143.2) and
Caucasians (107.6) have mortality rates that are higher than the
national objective.
The Hawai`i baseline of 29.1 per 100,000 for stroke
deaths is higher than the national objective of 20 per 100,000. The
rates for Filipinos of 36.3 per 100,000 and Hawaiians of 65.2 per
100,000 are much higher than the national objective.
Hawai`i BRFSS data show 59.2 percent are aware and
taking action to control their blood pressure; which is lower than the
national objective of 90 percent.
The serum cholesterol level data is available but
has not been analyzed, so no comparison can be made with the national
objective to reduce mean serum cholesterol to no more than 200
mg/dL.
The prevalence of blood cholesterol levels of 240
mg/dL or greater occurred in 36.1 percent of Hawai`i residents in 1990,
which is higher than the national objective of 20 percent.
Data related to awareness of cholesterol levels and
actions taken to reduce cholesterol are available, but have not been
analyzed in a manner that allows comparison to the national objective
to increase to 60% the proportion of people with high cholesterol who
are aware and taking actions to reduce cholesterol.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 16. Cancer.
16.A Reduce breast cancer deaths to no more than 20
per 100,000 women, age-adjusted to 1970 U.S. population (related
national objective 16.3).
| Incidence rates for breast cancer: |
|
98.0 per 100,000 |
|
| Death rates for breast cancer: |
|
22.5 per 100,000 |
| Ethnicity: |
Incidence |
Mortality |
|
|
| Hawaiian |
112.4 |
38.0 |
| Caucasian |
133.0 |
30.3 |
| Japanese |
88.6 |
13.9 |
| Filipino |
56.8 |
16.0 |
| Chinese |
71.8 |
18.4 |
The overall rate of breast cancer deaths in Hawai`i,
based on 1986-1990 data, is 22.5 per 100,000, which is below the
national objective of 25.2 per 100,000 women. However, while Japanese,
Filipino and Chinese women in Hawai`i have lower rates than the
national objective, Hawaiians and Caucasians have much higher mortality
rates.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 16. Cancer.
16.B Reduce deaths from cancer of the uterine cervix
to no more than 1.3 per 100,000 women age-adjusted to 1970 U.S.
population (related national objective 16.4).
| Incidence rates for cancer of
the uterine cervix: |
|
8.6 per 100,000 |
|
| Death rates for cancer of the
uterine cervix: |
|
2.5 per 100,000 |
| Ethnicity: |
Incidence |
Mortality |
|
|
| Hawaiian |
8.4 |
3.8 |
| Caucasian |
10.5 |
2.6 |
| Japanese |
5.8 |
1.4 |
| Filipino |
9.5 |
3.3 |
| Chinese |
4.8 |
2.5 |
Hawai`i's death rate from cervical cancer is 2.5 per
100,000, which is higher than the national objective of no more than
1.5 per 100,000. The rate for Japanese women in Hawai`i was 1.4 which
is very close to the national objective. However, Hawaiian women have a
mortality rate of 3.8 and Filipino women 3.3.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 16. Cancer.
16.C Increase to at least 60% the proportion of
people of all ages who limit sun exposure, use sunscreens and
protective clothing when exposed to sunlight, and avoid artificial
sources of ultraviolet light (e.g., sun lamps, tanning booths) (related
national objective 16.9).
16.D Increase the proportion of adults who believe
exposure to sun increases the chances of getting skin cancer (related
national objective 16.9).
| Proportion of adults that use sunscreen before outdoor
activities: |
Overall: 24.3% |
| Incidence rates per 100,000 for invasive melanoma in
Caucasians: |
Female: 15.8% |
|
Male:24.6% |
Because Hawai`i usually has a high UV radiation
index, fair-skinned Hawai`i residents are at increased risk of skin
cancers. The incidence rates for invasive melanoma in Caucasians is
higher than for the rates for other ethnic groups in Hawai`i.
The 1991 Hawai`i BRFSS data show that 24.3 percent
of adults use sunscreen often, before an outdoor activity compared to
the national objective of 60%. 42.8 percent never use sunscreen before
outdoor activities, including 27.1 percent of Caucasian adults who are
at greatest risk.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 17. Diabetes and
Chronic Disabling Conditions.
17.A Reduce diabetes-related deaths to no more than
10 per 100,000 people (related national objective 17.9).
17.B Reduce diabetes to a prevalence of no more than
20 per 1,000 people (related national objective 17.11).
| Diabetes-related death rate: |
Overall: 10.4 per 100,000 |
|
Hawaiians: 25.5 per 100,000 |
| Prevalence of diabetes: |
Overall: 22.1 per 1,000 |
Hawai`i's 1990 baseline of 10.4 per 100,000
diabetes-related deaths is much lower than the national objective of no
more than 34 per 100,000.
Hawai`i's 1988 baseline prevalence of 22.1 per 1,000
is lower than the national objective. However, the baseline rates for
Japanese and Chinese are higher than the national objective. Diabetes
prevalence increases with age and Hawai`i has one of the fastest
growing populations of older adults in the United States.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 17. Diabetes and
Chronic Disabling Conditions.
17.C Reduce to no more than 10% the proportion of
people with asthma who experience activity limitation (related national
objective 17.4).
17.D Reduce asthma morbidity, as measured by a
reduction in asthma hospitalizations to no more than 160 per 100,000
people (related national objective 11.1).
| Proportion of people with asthma who experience
activity limitation: |
Not available |
|
| Number of hospitalizations for asthma: |
Not available |
|
Asthma is the sixth most common chronic condition in
Hawai`i, with the highest prevalence of asthma in the Native Hawaiian
population (83.1 per 1,000).
Data are not available for comparison at this
time.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 18.HIV
Infection.
18.A Confine annual incidence of diagnosed AIDS
cases to no more than 20 cases per 100,000 (related national objective
18.1).
18.B Reduce the percentage of Sexually Transmitted
Disease (STD) Clinic patients who are positive for the HIV antibody to
no more than 1.0 percent (no related national objective).
18.C Maintain the proportion of men who have sex
with men tested through the HIV antibody counseling and testing program
who are seropositive at no more than 5.0 percent (related national
objective 18.2a).
| Incidence rate of diagnosed AIDS cases: |
|
14.9 per100,000 |
| Proportion of Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)
Clinic patients who are positive for the HIV antibody: |
|
3.1% |
| Proportion of men (who have sex with men) tested
through the HIV antibody counseling and testing program who are
seropositive: |
|
11.6% |
Hawai`i had a rate of AIDS cases, 14.9 per 100,000
in 1990, compared to the national baseline of 17.0 per 100,000 in
1992.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 19. Sexually
Transmitted Diseases.
19.A By the year 2000, reported gonorrhea incidence
will be maintained at less than 100 cases per 100,000 population
(related national objective 19.1).
19.B Reduce chlamydia incidence to less than 100
cases per 100,000 population (related national objective 19.2).
19.C By the year 2000, reported incidence of primary
and secondary syphilis will be maintained at a rate below 3 cases per
100,000 (related national objective 19.3).
| Incidence rate of gonorrhea: |
78.3 per 100,000 |
| Incidence rate of chlamydia (in women): |
419.7 per 100,000 |
| Incidence rate of primary and secondary syphilis: |
1.6 per 100,000 |
Hawai`i rates are lower than the Healthy People 2000
objectives for gonorrhea (225 per 100,000) and syphilis (10 per
100,000). Hawai i chlamydia rates are reported for females only and
cannot be compared to the national objective which includes males.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 20. Immunization
and Infectious Diseases.
20.A At least 95% of children under age two will
have the basic immunization series (related national objective
20.11).
20.B Reduce indigenous cases of rubella and
Congenital Rubella Syndrome to zero (related national objective
20.1).
20.C Reduce indigenous cases of pertussis to 3.9
cases per 100,000 population (related national objective 20.1).
20.D Reduce indigenous cases of measles to zero
(related national objective 20.1).
20.E Increase hepatitis B immunization among infants
of surface antigen-positive mothers to at least 96% (related national
objective 20.11).
| Proportion of children entering kindergarten that had
completed the basic series of immunization by age two: |
63% |
| Number of indigenous cases of rubella: |
1 per 100,000(9 cases) |
| Number of cases of Congenital Rubella Syndrome: |
0 |
| Number of indigenous cases of pertussis: |
11.6 per 100,000(129 cases) |
| Number of indigenous cases of measles: |
3.7 per 100,000 (41 cases) |
| Proportion of infants (born to hepatitis B antibody
positive mothers) completing the hepatitis B immunization series: |
91% (1992) |
Hawai`i has significantly lower completion rates for
the basic vaccination series for children under the age of two than the
national objective of 90%
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 20. Immunization
and Infectious Diseases.
20.F Increase immunization levels as follows:
Pneumococcal pneumonia and influenza immunization among
non-institutionalized, Medicare-eligible people, 65 or older will be at
least 60%. Pneumococcal pneumonia and influenza immunization among
institutionalized chronically ill or older people will be at least 85%
(related national objective 20.11).
| Immunization rates for pneumococcal bacteria among the
Medicare-eligible population: |
15% |
| Immunization rates for influenza bacteria among the
Medicare-eligible population: |
36% |
| Immunization rates for pneumococcal among institutionalized
chronically ill or older people: |
46% |
| Immunization rates for influenza bacteria among institutionalized
chronically ill or older people: |
84% |
Influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia immunization
rates for institutionalized elders is much lower than the national
objective of 80%
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 20.Immunization
and Infectious Diseases.
20.G Reduce tuberculosis to an incidence of no more
than 15 cases per 100,000 population (related national objective
20.4).
| Incidence of tuberculosis (TB) among Hawai`i
residents: |
17.6 cases per 100,000 |
|
TB rates in Hawai`i are higher than the national
objective of 3.5 per 100,000 people for the general population and the
national objective of 15 per 100,000 for the Asian and Pacific Islander
population.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 21.Clinical
Preventive Services.
21.A Increase to 50% the proportion of people who
have received selected clinical preventive screening and immunization
services and at least one of the counseling services appropriate for
their age and gender as recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services
Task Force (related national objective 21.2).
21.B Improve financing and delivery of clinical
preventive services so that virtually no resident has a financial
barrier to receiving, at a minimum, the screening, counseling, and
immunization services recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task
Force (related national objective 21.4).
| Proportion of residents with no health care plan: |
8.2% |
| Proportion of Hawai`i residents who have received, in the prior two
years, appropriate screening, immunization, and counseling services
(relevant to their age and gender) for |
|
| High blood pressure: |
95% |
| Cholesterol: |
65% |
| Pap test (women): |
75% |
| Mammography (women age 50+): |
55.2% |
| Colon cancer screening: |
Not available |
| Diabetes screening: |
Not available |
| Routine exam: |
88% |
These data cannot be compared at the national and
state levels.
More detailed information can be found inHealthy
Hawai`i Objectives, Section 22.Surveillance
and Data Systems.
22.A Identify, improve access to, and/or create
where necessary, data sources to measure progress toward each of the
Healthy Hawai`i 2000 objectives (related national objective 22.2).
22.B Select five appropriate, available data sources
and put them on the Department of Health (DOH) computer network
(related national objective 22.7).
| Proportion of the Healthy Hawai`i 2000 objectives that can be
measured adequately at this time: |
|
63% |
| Number of available DOH data sources that are accessible through
the DOH computer network: |
|
0 |
These data cannot be compared at the national and
state levels.
|
